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An adverbial clause is a dependent clause
that functions as an adverb. In other words, it contains a subject (explicit or
implied) and a predicate, and it modifies a verb.
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Adverbial Clause adalah anak kalimat yang menjelaskan
tentang induk kalimatnya. Anak kalimat inilah yang disebut dengan Adverbial
clause. Anak kalimat menjelaskan induk kalimatnya dengan terlebih dahulu
didahului oleh kata sambung (conjunction) tertentu. Cara membentuk Main Clause
dan Adverbial Clause adalah sama. Main Clause dan Adverbial Clause
masing-masing dibentuk dari sebuah subject dan predicate. Penempatan
conjunction yang membedakan Main Clause dan Adverbial Clause ditulis atau
diucapkan ditengah-tengah.
Subject +
Predicate + Conjunction + Subject + Predicate
Kalimat yang digaris bawahi merupakan Adverbial Clause. Posisi dari Adverbial Clause bisa dipindah kedepan sesuai dengan kebermaknaan dari kalimatnya. Berikut contohnya :
Kalimat yang digaris bawahi merupakan Adverbial Clause. Posisi dari Adverbial Clause bisa dipindah kedepan sesuai dengan kebermaknaan dari kalimatnya. Berikut contohnya :
- I met her when + was walking to school.
- As he was sick, he went to she doctor.
- I can’t go out because my mother is sick.
- As he was sick, he went to she doctor.
- I can’t go out because my mother is sick.
Ada beberapa jenis Adverbial Clause,
masing-masing dibedakan dari conjunctionnya, dengan arti lain, Adverbial Clause
bisa dikenali dari conjunction dan begitu pula sebaliknya, kita tinggal memilih
conjunction yang tepat sesuai dengan jenis Adverbial Clause nya.
Dibawah ini jenis-jenis
Adverbial Clause beserta conjunction nya:
1. Clause of Time
(when, before, after, since, while, as, as long as, until,til)
• While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
• By the time I arrive, Ryan will have left.
• You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
2. Clause of Place
(where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere)
• They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
• Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
(although, though, while)
• Jellyta wanted to stop, while I wanted to go on.
• Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
4. Clause of Manner
(as, like, the way)
• He did as I told him.
• They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and Result
(so..that)
•She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
6. Clause of Cause and Effect
(because, since, as)
• Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
• Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
7. Clause of Condition
(if, even if, unless)
If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
• She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
8. Purpose clauses
(in order to, so that, in order that)
•They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
•She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
1. Clause of Time
(when, before, after, since, while, as, as long as, until,til)
• While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
• By the time I arrive, Ryan will have left.
• You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
2. Clause of Place
(where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere)
• They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
• Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
(although, though, while)
• Jellyta wanted to stop, while I wanted to go on.
• Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
4. Clause of Manner
(as, like, the way)
• He did as I told him.
• They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and Result
(so..that)
•She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
6. Clause of Cause and Effect
(because, since, as)
• Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
• Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
7. Clause of Condition
(if, even if, unless)
If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
• She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
8. Purpose clauses
(in order to, so that, in order that)
•They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
•She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
ARTIKEL
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
Fenny is a diligent student,she sat down wherever she could find empty seats.she is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.She may the one first in the class rankings like she did in last year.She always brought english book to read it so (that) she could speak English,She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.
Fenny is a diligent student,she sat down wherever she could find empty seats.she is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.She may the one first in the class rankings like she did in last year.She always brought english book to read it so (that) she could speak English,She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.
EXERCISE
Complete
the following sentences with the words listed !
IF while although when until
So that by the time Because since
1. …I
get his phone number , I will call him
2. He
got a money….he could buy a handphone
3. …..
she was hungry, he went to restaurant
4. …...
he got a job,he have much money
5. …..I
got bad score, I will never give up
6. ….
I was finishing my homework, my brother cried
7. I
will stay here…. He come back to me
8. The
plate have broken …. My mother had eaten
9. She
lost her book…. She can’t learn mathematics
10. ….I
arrived, my brother had left
ANSWER
KEY
1. If
2. So
that
3. Because
4. If
5. Althought
6. While
7. Until
8. When
9. So
that
10. By
the time
2.
Direct and Indirect speech
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Direct
Speech / Quoted Speech
Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech
(sometimes called quoted speech). Here what a person says appears within
quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.
·
Indirect
Speech / Reported Speech
Indirect
speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to
enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.
When
reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use
reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because
obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs
therefore usually have to be in the past too.
Ada dua cara untuk mengungkapkan apa yang seseorang katakan yaitu: langsung
(direct) dan tidak langsung (indirect/reported).Pada kalimat langsung, kita mengulangi ucapan pembicara (speaker) sama persis. Kalimat langsung (direct) mempunyai dua bagian, yaitu: reporting sentence dan reported sentence. Reporting sentence adalah klausa yang berisi siapa yang berbicara, sedangkan reported sentence adalah klausa yang berisi apa yang dibicarakan.Biasanya direct sentence menggunakan tanda petik.
PERUBAHAN KALIMAT LANGSUNG (DIRECT) MENJADI TIDAK LANGSUNG (INDIRECT)
Perubahan direct menjadi indirect pada statement ditandai dengan ‘that’.
Kalimat langsung yang reporting sentence-nya memiliki verb dalam bentuk present tense (simple present, present continuous, and present perfect atau future tense) maka tidak ada perubahan tenses pada reported sentence dalam bentuk tidak langsung (indirect). Ini biasanya terjadi apabila:
1. Melaporkan suatu percakapan yang masih berlangsung
2. Membaca surat dan melaporkan apa isi surat tersebut
3. Membaca perintah dan langsung melaporkannya pada waktu tersebut
4. Melaporkan pernyataan yang sering muncul
Contoh: My father said”I will go to Bandung tomorrow”
Sedangkan, pada kalimat tidak langsung (indirect), kita mengungkapkan maksud ucapan pembicara dengan ungkapan yang tidak sama persis.
Contoh: My father said that he would go to Bandung the day after
Kalimat tidak langsung biasanya diawali dengan verb lampau (past tense). Pada hal ini, verb pada reported sentence harus diganti dengan turun satu level. Perubahan tenses tersebut dapat dilihat dalam tabel yang ada di bawah ini:
|
NO.
|
TENSES
|
DIRECT SENTENCE
|
TENSES
|
INDIRECT SENTENCE
|
|
1. |
Simple Present |
Melta said,”I’m hungry” |
Simple Past |
Melta said that she was hungry |
|
2. |
Present Continuous |
Tiyas said,”My mother is washing clothes” |
Past Continuous |
Tiyas said that her mother was washing clothes |
|
3. |
Present Perfect |
The Students said,”We have studied mathematics” |
Past Perfect |
The Students said that they had studied mathematics |
|
4. |
Present Perfect Continuous |
Nurul said,”I have been writing a letter” |
Past Perfect Continuos |
Nurul said that she had been writing a letter |
|
5. |
Simple Past |
Dino said,”I bought a new car” |
Past Perfect |
Dino said that he had bought a new car |
|
6. |
Present Future |
Alvin said,”I will call my girlfriend tomorrow” |
Past Future |
Alvin said that he would call his girlfriend the day after |
|
7. |
Future Continuous |
Roby said,”I will be swimming in Waterboom” |
Past Future Continuous |
Roby said that he would be swimming in Waterboom |
|
8. |
Modals |
Janni said,”I can play a guitar very well” |
|
Janni said that she could play a guitar very well. |
EXERCISE
Complete The following Sentence with the words listed !
Must have would is
Had will was want
1. Alvin said,”I …. Broken the glass yesterday”
2. Herdito said that he … call his father the day after.
3. Arif said,”I …. Come to your party tomorrow”
4.Alvita said that she …. Buying a magazine yesterday
5. Siska said,”You ….study hard if you wanna be a success man!
Answer key :
1.
Have
2.
Would
3.
Will
4.
Was
5.
Must
Change this direct sentence into
indirect sentence !1. Anis said,”I give my cake for you”
2. Ayu said,”We will watch the film in the Cinema”
3. Eka said,” My sister is singing a song in birthday party”
4. Imam said,”I have played football”
5. Randy said,”I took Risky’s bag”
Answer Key
1. Anis said that she gave her cake for me
2. Ayu said that they would watch the film in the Cinema
3. Eka said that her sister was singing a song in birthday party
4. Imam said that he had played football
5. Randy said that he had taken risky’s bag
REFERENSI :
